本發(fā)明涉及炔酰胺類化合物的合成,具體是一種以炔類化合物、芐異腈和有機(jī)酸鈉為原料合成炔酰胺類化合物的方法。
背景技術(shù):
炔基酰胺衍生物是重要的有機(jī)合成中的基本組成部分,這類化合物在天然產(chǎn)物中起著至關(guān)重要的作用,是雜環(huán)合成中的關(guān)鍵中間體。
3-苯并氮雜骨架廣泛存在于天然化合物和重要的藥物中,它們具有挑戰(zhàn)性的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)和有趣的生物活性。3-苯并氮雜結(jié)構(gòu)的各種各樣的取代也已被研究用于合成有效的nmda受體拮抗劑。最常見的是3-苯并氮雜骨架的中等大小的環(huán)的構(gòu)建通過分子內(nèi)實現(xiàn),而炔酰胺正是構(gòu)建3-苯并氮雜骨架常用的中間體。由炔酰胺化合物構(gòu)建的3-苯并氮化合物已經(jīng)廣泛研究用于治療神經(jīng)變性疾病例如hun-tington's,阿爾茨默氏病和肌萎縮性側(cè)索硬化(org.lett.,2007,9,3017-3020)。以鄰鹵代芳香基取代炔酰胺為原料,合成在醫(yī)藥、化工等領(lǐng)域具有重要用途的2-氨基吲哚環(huán)化合物(姚培圓,天津大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文)。金屬催化炔酰胺制備具有抗菌、抗癌、生物酶抑制劑等重要作用的色酮類和異香豆素類化合物(劉洪煦,鄭州大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文)。
在以往制備炔酰胺類化合物的合成方法中,大多數(shù)使用炔鈉、炔格氏試劑與氨基甲酸鹵(cl、br)反應(yīng)。然而,炔鈉、炔格氏試劑的制備條件較為苛刻,影響其合成。
技術(shù)實現(xiàn)要素:
本發(fā)明的目的是以炔類化合物、芐異腈和有機(jī)酸鈉為原料,在鈀鹽催化劑的作用下合成了炔酰胺類化合物。該方法原料易得,操作簡單,反應(yīng)條件溫和,具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。
實現(xiàn)本發(fā)明目的的技術(shù)方案是:
一種炔酰胺類化合物的合成方法,其合成方法通式如下:
其中,r1=芳基,環(huán)丙基;
r2=芐基
r3=烷基、芳基;
催化劑為:pd(dppf)cl2、pd(oac)2;
溶劑為:乙腈、dmf。
所述炔酰胺類化合物的通用合成方法是:
將炔類化合物(0.1mmol)、芐異腈(0.25mmol)、有機(jī)酸鈉(0.3mmol)、h2o(0.1mmol)和鈀催化劑(0.01mmol)混合于15ml封管中,加入2.0ml溶劑,在60oc下攪拌2小時;用tlc跟蹤反應(yīng)是否完全,待反應(yīng)完后經(jīng)過減壓抽濾除去溶劑,剩余物經(jīng)快速硅膠柱析層純化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1:25)得到炔酰胺化合物。
合成的炔酰胺類化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)式如下:
為了驗證該反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物中氧的來源我們進(jìn)行了以下實驗(實驗采用苯乙炔、芐異腈、醋酸鈉為反應(yīng)底物):
(1)氬氣保護(hù)下往干燥的燒瓶中加入苯乙炔(0.1mmol,0.0102g)、芐異腈(0.25mmol,0.0293g)、醋酸鈉(0.3mmol,0.0246g)和pd(dppf)cl2(0.01mmol,0.0018g),以2.0ml超干乙腈作溶劑,在60oc下攪拌2小時,并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)物4a生成。
(2)氧氣保護(hù)下干燥的燒瓶中加入苯乙炔(0.1mmol,0.0102g)、芐異腈(0.25mmol,0.0293g)、醋酸鈉(0.3mmol,0.0246g)和pd(dppf)cl2(0.01mmol,0.0018g),以2.0ml超干乙腈作溶劑,在60oc下攪拌2小時,并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)物4a生成。
(3)氬氣保護(hù)下往燒瓶中加入苯乙炔(0.1mmol,0.0102g)、芐異腈(0.25mmol,0.0293g)、醋酸鈉(0.3mmol,0.0246g)、h2o(0.1mmol,0.0018g)和pd(dppf)cl2(0.01mmol,0.0018g),以2.0ml超干乙腈作溶劑,在60oc下攪拌2小時,發(fā)現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)物4a生成,其結(jié)構(gòu)式為
通過以上反應(yīng)可以得出以下結(jié)論:在無水無氧以及無水有氧條件下,沒有目標(biāo)產(chǎn)物4a的生成;在有水無氧條件下,有目標(biāo)產(chǎn)物4a的生成,這說明該反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物炔酰胺中的氧來源于水中的氧。
本發(fā)明合成炔酰胺化合物的新方法,最大優(yōu)勢是克服了炔鈉、炔格氏試劑的嚴(yán)格制備以及反應(yīng)條件較為苛刻的缺點。本發(fā)明合成方法以簡單易得的炔類化合物、芐異腈和有機(jī)酸鈉為原料,原料易得,操作簡單,在較為溫和的實驗條件下以中等到優(yōu)秀的產(chǎn)率得到炔酰胺類化合物,具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。
具體實施方式
下面結(jié)合實施例中十一種炔酰胺類化合物的合成方法及產(chǎn)物表征對本發(fā)明內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的說明,但不是對本發(fā)明的限定。
實施例1
n-乙?;?n-芐基-3-苯基丙炔酰胺的合成:
將苯乙炔(0.1mmol,0.0102g)、芐異腈(0.25mmol,0.0293g)、醋酸鈉(0.3mmol,0.0246g)、h2o(0.1mmol,0.0018g)和pd(dppf)cl2(0.01mmol,0.0018g)混合于15ml封管中,加入2.0ml乙腈作溶劑,在60oc下攪拌2小時;用tlc跟蹤反應(yīng)是否完全,待反應(yīng)完后經(jīng)過減壓抽濾除去溶劑,剩余物經(jīng)快速硅膠柱析層純化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1:25)得到炔酰胺化合物(黃色油狀)4a8.68mg,產(chǎn)率為85%;
產(chǎn)物表征1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ7.50–7.44(m,3h),7.38(d,j=7.2hz,2h),7.34(dd,j=5.8,2.1hz,4h),7.30–7.26(m,1h),5.25(s,2h),2.64(s,3h)ppm;13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ172.53,155.72,136.98,132.70,130.99,128.66,128.56,127.49,127.26,119.34,94.07,82.67,48.62,27.62ppm;hrms(m/z)(apci):calcdforc18h16no2278.11756[m+h+];found278.11689。
實施例2
n-乙?;?n-芐基-3-(4-甲基苯基)丙炔酰胺的合成:
將對甲基苯乙炔(0.1mmol,0.0116g)、芐異腈(0.25mmol,0.0293g)、醋酸鈉(0.3mmol,0.0246g)、h2o(0.1mmol,0.0018g)和pd(dppf)cl2(0.01mmol,0.0018g)混合于15ml封管中,加入2.0mldmf作溶劑,在60oc下攪拌2小時;用tlc跟蹤反應(yīng)是否完全,待反應(yīng)完后經(jīng)過減壓抽濾除去溶劑,剩余物經(jīng)快速硅膠柱析層純化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1:25)得到炔酰胺化合物(黃色固體)4b9.98mg,產(chǎn)率為86%;
產(chǎn)物表征1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ7.35(dd,j=9.3,2.8hz,3h),7.34–7.31(m,4h),7.30–7.25(m,2h),7.16(d,j=7.9hz,2h),5.22(s,2h),2.61(s,3h),2.36(s,3h)ppm;13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ172.63,155.91,141.88,137.15,132.80,129.54,128.72,128.62,128.53,127.87,127.52,127.36,116.32,94.81,82.58,48.69,27.63,21.79ppm;hrms(m/z)(apci):calcdforc19h18no2292.13321[m+h+];found292.13342。
實施例3
n-乙酰基-n-芐基-3-(3-甲基苯基)丙炔酰胺的合成:
將間甲基苯乙炔(0.1mmol,0.0116g)、芐異腈(0.25mmol,0.0293g)、醋酸鈉(0.3mmol,0.0246g)、h2o(0.1mmol,0.0018g)和pd(oac)2(0.01mmol,0.0024g)混合于15ml封管中,加入2.0ml乙腈作溶劑,在60oc下攪拌2小時;用tlc跟蹤反應(yīng)是否完全,待反應(yīng)完后經(jīng)過減壓抽濾除去溶劑,剩余物經(jīng)快速硅膠柱析層純化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1:25)得到炔酰胺化合物(黃色固體)4c9.86mg,產(chǎn)率為85%;
產(chǎn)物表征1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ7.32(d,j=6.8hz,4h),7.23(t,j=5.0hz,5h),5.22(s,2h),2.61(s,3h),2.30(s,3h)ppm;13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ172.39,155.63,138.42,136.98,133.09,131.84,129.73,128.46,128.41,127.36,127.20,119.06,94.33,82.40,48.50,27.47,21.01ppm;hrms(m/z)(apci):calcdforc19h18no2292.13321[m+h+];found292.13293。
實施例4
n-乙酰基-n-芐基-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)丙炔酰胺的合成:
將對叔丁基苯乙炔(0.1mmol,0.0158g)、芐異腈(0.25mmol,0.0293g)、醋酸鈉(0.3mmol,0.0246g)、h2o(0.1mmol,0.0018g)和pd(dppf)cl2(0.01mmol,0.0018g)混合于15ml封管中,加入2.0mldmf作溶劑,在60oc下攪拌2小時;用tlc跟蹤反應(yīng)是否完全,待反應(yīng)完后經(jīng)過減壓抽濾除去溶劑,剩余物經(jīng)快速硅膠柱析層純化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1:25)得到炔酰胺化合物(黃色油狀)4d14.06mg,產(chǎn)率為89%;
產(chǎn)物表征1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ7.40(dd,j=9.8,3.3hz,4h),7.32(d,j=6.6hz,4h),7.25(dd,j=7.9,4.8hz,1h),5.22(s,2h),2.61(s,3h),1.29(s,9h)ppm;13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ172.51,155.83,154.79,137.06,132.60,128.52,127.42,127.27,125.72,116.25,94.64,82.44,48.59,35.04,30.94,27.54ppm;hrms(m/z)(apci):calcdforc22h24no2334.18016[m+h+];found334.18112。
實施例5
n-乙?;?n-芐基-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)丙炔酰胺的合成:
將對甲氧基苯乙炔(0.1mmol,0.0132g)、芐異腈(0.25mmol,0.0293g)、醋酸鈉(0.3mmol,0.0246g)、h2o(0.1mmol,0.0018g)和pd(oac)2(0.01mmol,0.0024g)混合于15ml封管中,加入2.0ml乙腈作溶劑,在60oc下攪拌2小時;用tlc跟蹤反應(yīng)是否完全,待反應(yīng)完后經(jīng)過減壓抽濾除去溶劑,剩余物經(jīng)快速硅膠柱析層純化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1:25)得到炔酰胺化合物(黃色固體)4e11.35mg,產(chǎn)率為86%;
產(chǎn)物表征1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ7.40(d,j=8.7hz,2h),7.34–7.29(m,4h),7.26(d,j=3.0hz,1h),5.22(s,2h),3.81(s,3h),2.61(s,3h)ppm;13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ172.53,161.81,155.92,137.13,134.72,128.52,127.39,127.23,114.39,111.11,95.09,82.44,55.37,48.58,27.51ppm;hrms(m/z)(apci):calcdforc19h18no3308.12812[m+h+];found308.12872。
實施例6
n-乙?;?n-芐基-3-(4-氟苯基)丙炔酰胺的合成:
將對氟苯乙炔(0.1mmol,0.0120g)、芐異腈(0.25mmol,0.0293g)、醋酸鈉(0.3mmol,0.0246g)、h2o(0.1mmol,0.0018g)和pd(dppf)cl2(0.01mmol,0.0018g)混合于15ml封管中,加入2.0mldmf作溶劑,在60oc下攪拌2小時;用tlc跟蹤反應(yīng)是否完全,待反應(yīng)完后經(jīng)過減壓抽濾除去溶劑,剩余物經(jīng)快速硅膠柱析層純化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1:25)得到炔酰胺化合物(淺黃色固體)4f9.12mg,產(chǎn)率為76%;
產(chǎn)物表征1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ7.47–7.42(m,2h),7.34–7.30(m,4h),7.28–7.25(m,1h),7.08–7.02(m,2h),5.22(s,2h),2.62(s,3h)ppm;13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ172.50,165.39,162.86,155.64,137.05,135.13,135.04,128.66,127.57,127.19,116.42,116.19,115.60,115.56,93.05,82.72,82.70,48.64,27.56ppm;hrms(m/z)(apci):calcdforc18h15fno2296.10813[m+h+];found296.10798。
實施例7
n-乙?;?n-芐基-3-(2-萘基)丙炔酰胺的合成:
將2-萘乙炔(0.1mmol,0.0152g)、芐異腈(0.25mmol,0.0293g)、醋酸鈉(0.3mmol,0.0246g)、h2o(0.1mmol,0.0018g)和pd(dppf)cl2(0.01mmol,0.0018g)混合于15ml封管中,加入2.0ml乙腈作溶劑,在60oc下攪拌2小時;用tlc跟蹤反應(yīng)是否完全,待反應(yīng)完后經(jīng)過減壓抽濾除去溶劑,剩余物經(jīng)快速硅膠柱析層純化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1:25)得到炔酰胺化合物(淺黃色固體)4g12.31mg,產(chǎn)率為81%;
產(chǎn)物表征1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ7.99(s,1h),7.81(dd,j=12.8,5.0hz,3h),7.53(ddd,j=10.9,6.3,3.6hz,2h),7.43(dd,j=8.5,1.5hz,1h),7.38–7.33(m,4h),7.31–7.26(m,1h),5.28(s,2h),2.65(s,3h)ppm;13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ172.53,155.74,137.12,134.17,133.95,132.54,128.63,128.53,128.19,127.89,127.82,127.52,127.31,127.12,116.52,94.63,82.98,48.67,27.58ppm;hrms(m/z)(esi):calcdforc22h18no2328.13321[m+h+];found328.13223。
實施例8
n-乙?;?n-芐基-3-環(huán)丙基丙炔酰胺的合成:
將環(huán)丙基乙炔(0.1mmol,0.0066g)、芐異腈(0.25mmol,0.0293g)、醋酸鈉(0.3mmol,0.0246g)、h2o(0.1mmol,0.0018g)和pd(oac)2(0.01mmol,0.0024g)混合于15ml封管中,加入2.0mldmf作溶劑,在60oc下攪拌2小時;用tlc跟蹤反應(yīng)是否完全,待反應(yīng)完后經(jīng)過減壓抽濾除去溶劑,剩余物經(jīng)快速硅膠柱析層純化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1:25)得到炔酰胺化合物(淺黃色油狀)4h4.88mg,產(chǎn)率為74%;
產(chǎn)物表征1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ7.34–7.29(m,2h),7.26(t,j=6.2hz,3h),5.11(s,2h),2.56(s,3h),1.43–1.35(m,1h),0.98–0.92(m,2h),0.84–0.77(m,2h)ppm;13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ172.58,155.56,137.18,128.45,127.32,127.09,101.72,70.87,48.48,27.55,9.52,-0.22ppm;hrms(m/z)(apci):calcdforc15h16no2242.11756[m+h+];found242.11694。
實施例9
n-丙?;?n-芐基-3-苯基丙炔酰胺的合成:
將苯乙炔(0.1mmol,0.0102g)、芐異腈(0.25mmol,0.0293g)、丙酸鈉(0.3mmol,0.0229g)、h2o(0.1mmol,0.0018g)和pd(dppf)cl2(0.01mmol,0.0018g)混合于15ml封管中,加入2.0ml乙腈作溶劑,在60oc下攪拌2小時;用tlc跟蹤反應(yīng)是否完全,待反應(yīng)完后經(jīng)過減壓抽濾除去溶劑,剩余物經(jīng)快速硅膠柱析層純化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1:25)得到炔酰胺化合物(黃色固體)4i8.26mg,產(chǎn)率為81%;
產(chǎn)物表征1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ7.44(dd,j=13.7,7.3hz,3h),7.37–7.29(m,6h),7.29–7.24(m,1h),5.24(s,2h),3.01(q,j=7.2hz,2h),1.17(t,j=7.2hz,3h)ppm;13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ176.43,155.54,137.10,132.62,130.85,128.58,128.50,127.37,127.16,119.37,93.73,82.77,48.77,32.94,8.93ppm;hrms(m/z)(apci):calcdforc19h18no2292.13321[m+h+];found292.13593。
實施例10
n-乙?;?n-(4-甲氧基苯基)-3-苯基丙炔酰胺的合成:
將苯乙炔(0.1mmol,0.0102g)、4-甲氧基苯異腈(0.25mmol,0.0333g)、醋酸鈉(0.3mmol,0.0246g)、h2o(0.1mmol,0.0018g)和pd(dppf)cl2(0.01mmol,0.0018g)混合于15ml封管中,加入2.0mldmf作溶劑,在60oc下攪拌2小時;用tlc跟蹤反應(yīng)是否完全,待反應(yīng)完后經(jīng)過減壓抽濾除去溶劑,剩余物經(jīng)快速硅膠柱析層純化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1:25)得到炔酰胺化合物(黃色油狀)4j7.34mg,產(chǎn)率為72%;
產(chǎn)物表征1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ7.37(dd,j=4.9,3.7hz,1h),7.29(d,j=7.9hz,2h),7.21–7.15(m,4h),7.02–6.98(m,2h),3.86(s,3h),2.63(s,3h)ppm;13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ172.57,159.94,154.93,132.91,130.88,130.74,130.49,128.41,119.51,114.55,96.12,82.84,55.51,27.24ppm;hrms(m/z)(apci):calcdforc18h16no3294.11247[m+h+];found294.11276。
實施例11
n-芐基-n-苯甲?;?3-苯基丙炔酰胺的合成:
將苯乙炔(0.1mmol,0.0102g)、芐異腈(0.25mmol,0.0293g)、苯甲酸鈉(0.3mmol,0.0102g)、h2o(0.1mmol,0.0018g)和pd(dppf)cl2(0.01mmol,0.0018g)混合于15ml封管中,加入2.0ml乙腈作溶劑,在60oc下攪拌2小時;用tlc跟蹤反應(yīng)是否完全,待反應(yīng)完后經(jīng)過減壓抽濾除去溶劑,剩余物經(jīng)快速硅膠柱析層純化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚)得到炔酰胺化合物(淺黃色固體)4k8.87mg,產(chǎn)率為87%;
產(chǎn)物表征1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ7.58(d,j=7.3hz,2h),7.38(t,j=7.4hz,3h),7.30(t,j=7.5hz,2h),7.23(t,j=7.4hz,3h),7.17(d,j=7.2hz,1h),7.11(t,j=7.7hz,2h),6.95(d,j=7.4hz,2h),5.10(s,2h)ppm;13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ173.01,154.82,136.75,135.90,132.56,132.49,130.50,129.16,128.50,128.43,128.41,128.18,127.61,119.18,95.87,82.67,48.45ppm;hrms(m/z)(apci):calcdforc23h18no2340.13321[m+h+];found240.13458。