本發(fā)明屬于藥物中間體制備技術(shù)領(lǐng)域,具體涉及一種碘催化的多組分反應(yīng)制備吲哚螺環(huán)類化合物的新方法。
背景技術(shù):
吲哚螺環(huán)化合物是許多藥物和天然生物堿的核心結(jié)構(gòu),具有廣泛的生物和藥理活性。例如馬錢子堿、環(huán)巴胺和nitd609等藥物中都含有吲哚螺環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu),其中馬錢子堿可作為中樞神經(jīng)興奮劑;環(huán)巴胺是一種hedgehog信號通路抑制劑,可抑制蛋白活性;而nitd609是一種很好的抗瘧疾候選藥物。
當(dāng)前合成吲哚螺環(huán)類化合物的方法中所用催化方式多為質(zhì)子酸催化、有機催化和金屬催化等,常伴有適用性差、副反應(yīng)多、后處理工藝復(fù)雜、腐蝕設(shè)備、污染環(huán)境等明顯缺點。本發(fā)明首次利用單質(zhì)碘為催化劑,以靛紅衍生物、1,3-二羰基化合物和4-羥基香豆素及其衍生物為原料進行三組分反應(yīng)制備吲哚螺環(huán)類化合物。
技術(shù)實現(xiàn)要素:
針對現(xiàn)有技術(shù)存在的不足,本發(fā)明提供了一種利用單質(zhì)碘催化靛紅衍生物、1,3-二羰基化合物和4-羥基香豆素及其衍生物進行三組分反應(yīng)合成吲哚螺環(huán)類化合物(ⅰ)的新方法。反應(yīng)式如下:
其中:r1為h、鹵素、烷基、烷氧基或硝基;r2為烴基;r3為h或烷基;r4為h或烷基;r5為h、鹵素、烷基或烷氧基;n為0或1。
本發(fā)明是通過以下技術(shù)手段實現(xiàn)上述目的的。
按比例將靛紅衍生物、1,3-二羰基化合物和4-羥基香豆素及其衍生物溶解于有機溶劑中,加入催化劑單質(zhì)碘,在一定溫度下,反應(yīng)一段時間后,tlc檢測,確定反應(yīng)已結(jié)束,旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)除去溶劑,濃縮物利用柱層析得到白色或淺黃色固體粉末,即為本發(fā)明化合物(ⅰ)。
所述靛紅衍生物、1,3-二羰基化合物和4-羥基香豆素及其衍生物物質(zhì)的量之比為1:1:1。
上述方案中,單質(zhì)碘的用量為靛紅衍生物物質(zhì)的量的5%-20%;
所述的有機溶劑為甲醇、二氯甲烷、氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷、dmf、dmso或乙腈中的一種;
所述反應(yīng)溫度為50~80℃;反應(yīng)時間為24~48h;
所述柱層析所用的固定相為200-300目的柱層層析硅膠,流動相為沸程為60~90℃的石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合液。
本發(fā)明的有益效果是:
以單質(zhì)碘為催化劑,具有價廉易得、條件溫和、催化效率高等優(yōu)點,發(fā)展了合成吲哚螺環(huán)化合物的新方法。反應(yīng)所使用的原料易得、反應(yīng)操作簡便,所生成的通式(ⅰ)的化合物是生物活性分子,可作為醫(yī)藥的候選化合物,有潛在的應(yīng)用價值。
具體實施方式
本發(fā)明的實質(zhì)性的特點可從下述的實施例得以體現(xiàn),但它不應(yīng)視為是對本發(fā)明保護范圍的任何限制。
實施例1:
準(zhǔn)確稱取0.1611gn-甲基靛紅、0.1121g1,3-環(huán)己二酮、0.1621g4-羥基香豆素和0.0254gi2溶解于4mlclch2ch2cl中,在60℃下磁力攪拌24h后,tlc檢測,確定反應(yīng)已結(jié)束,旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)除去溶劑,利用柱層析得到白色固體ⅰa。收率82%,m.p.320.5~321.2℃;1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ:7.88(d,j=7.9hz,1h),7.61~7.56(m,1h),7.36(t,j=7.6hz,1h),7.28(d,j=8.1hz,2h),6.96~6.92(m,2h),6.88(d,j=7.7hz,1h),3.38(s,3h),2.86~2.83(m,2h),2.46~2.31(m,2h),2.18~2.02(m,2h);13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ:195.1,176.7,164.9,158.5,154.8,152.6,145.6,132.9,132.1,129.1,124.4,122.7,122.6,122.1,116.8,114.6,113.1,107.9,104.5,46.0,37.1,27.6,26.9,20.0.anal.calcdforc24h17no5:c72.17,h4.29,n3.51;found:c72.37,h4.51,n3.40.
實施例2:
準(zhǔn)確稱取0.2373gn-芐基靛紅、0.1121g1,3-環(huán)己二酮、0.1621g4-羥基香豆素和0.0254gi2溶解于4mldmf中,在70℃下磁力攪拌36h后,tlc檢測,確定反應(yīng)已結(jié)束,旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)除去溶劑,利用柱層析得到白色固體ⅰb,收率83%,m.p.306.9~307.1℃;1hnmr(400mhz,dmso-d6)δ:8.04(d,j=7.8,hz,1h),7.76(t,j=7.8hz,1h),7.63(d,j=7.5hz,2h),7.52(t,j=7.7hz,1h),7.47(d,j=8.2hz,1h),7.36(t,j=7.5hz,2h),7.28(t,j=7.3hz,1h),7.12(t,j=8.1hz,1h),6.88(t,j=7.4hz,1h),6.64(d,j=7.8hz,1h),4.97(abd,j=16.4hz,1h),4.92(abd,j=16.4hz,1h),2.96~2.93(m,2h),2.42~2.26(m,2h),2.05~1.95(m,2h);13cnmr(100mhz,dmso-d6)δ:195.8,176.8,166.2,158.6,155.1,152.3,145.2,137.0,134.1,132.6,128.9,128.8,127.8,127.5,125.5,123.9,123.6,122.4,117.0,113.9,112.9,108.7,104.1,45.9,44.7,37.3,27.4,20.1.anal.calcdforc30h21no5:c75.78,h4.45,n2.95;found:c75.61,h4.73,n3.22.
實施例3:
準(zhǔn)確稱取0.2401g5-溴-n-甲基靛紅、0.0981g1,3-環(huán)戊二酮、0.1621g4-羥基香豆素和0.0508gi2溶解于4mlch2cl2中,在60℃下磁力攪拌24h后,tlc檢測,確定反應(yīng)已結(jié)束,旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)除去溶劑,利用柱層析得到白色固體ⅰc,收率79%,m.p.315.1~315.4℃;1hnmr(400mhz,dmso-d6)δ:8.07(dd,j=7.9,1.3hz,1h),7.82~7.77(m,1h),7.57~7.52(m,2h),7.50~7.47(m,2h),7.05(d,j=8.8hz,1h),3.21(s,3h),3.03~3.00(m,2h),2.50~2.47(m,2h);13cnmr(100mhz,dmso-d6)δ:200.5,177.6,174.7,159.2,157.6,152.5,144.5,134.3,133.6,132.1,127.3,125.6,123.6,117.1,116.5,114.5,113.3,110.4,103.3,46.1,33.9,27.1,25.5.anal.calcdforc23h14brno5:c59.50,h3.04,n3.02;found:c59.56,h3.03,n2.81.
實施例4:
準(zhǔn)確稱取0.1872gn-烯丙基靛紅、0.1402g5,5-二甲基-1,3-環(huán)己二酮、0.1621g4-羥基香豆素和0.0254gi2溶解于4mlch3cn中,在50℃下磁力攪拌24h后,tlc檢測,確定反應(yīng)已結(jié)束,旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)除去溶劑,利用柱層析得到白色固體ⅰd,收率86%,m.p.232.1~232.5℃;1hnmr(400mhz,dmso-d6)δ:8.00(dd,j=8.0,1.4hz,1h),7.77~7.73(m,1h),7.51(t,j=7.6hz,1h),7.45(d,j=8.2hz,1h),7.21(td,j=7.7,1.2hz,1h),7.13(d,j=7.0hz,1h),6.91~6.86(m,2h),5.98~5.89(m,1h),5.62(dd,j=17.3,1.7hz,1h),5.22(dd,j=10.4,1.6hz,1h),4.43~4.30(m,2h),2.84(q,j=17.6hz,2h),2.29(d,j=16.0hz,1h),2.15(d,j=16.0hz,1h),1.09(s,3h),1.03(s,3h);13cnmr(100mhz,dmso-d6)δ:195.5,176.1,164.3,158.5,155.2,152.3,145.0,134.1,132.7,132.5,129.0,125.5,123.6,123.5,122.3,117.5,116.9,112.9,112.8,108.8,104.0,50.8,45.8,43.1,32.3,28.2,27.3.anal.calcdforc28h23no5:c74.16,h5.11,n3.09;found:c74.41,h5.00,n2.88.
實施例5:
準(zhǔn)確稱取0.1872gn-烯丙基靛紅、0.1121g1,3-環(huán)己二酮、0.1966g6-氯-4-羥基香豆素和0.0127gi2溶解于4mlclch2ch2cl中,在60℃下磁力攪拌48h后,tlc檢測,確定反應(yīng)已結(jié)束,旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)除去溶劑,利用柱層析得到白色固體ⅰe,收率72%,m.p.245.1~245.7℃;1hnmr(400mhz,dmso-d6)δ:8.04(d,j=2.4hz,1h),7.78(dd,j=8.9,2.4hz,1h),7.49(d,j=8.8hz,1h),7.21(t,j=7.6hz,1h),7.13(d,j=7.3hz,1h),6.91~6.86(m,2h),5.98~5.88(m,1h),5.61(d,j=16.9hz,1h),5.22(d,j=10.7hz,1h),4.40~4.29(m,2h),2.93(t,j=5.9hz,2h),2.39~2.23(m,2h),2.04~1.93(m,2h);13cnmr(100mhz,dmso-d6)δ:195.6,176.0,166.1,158.1,154.1,150.9,145.0,133.7,132.7,129.5,129.0,123.9,122.8,122.3,119.1,117.5,114.4,113.8,108.7,104.8,92.2,45.9,43.1,37.2,27.2,20.1.anal.calcdforc26h18clno5:c67.91,h3.95,n3.05;found:c67.64,h3.82,n3.23.
實施例6:
準(zhǔn)確稱取0.1912gn-甲基-5-甲氧基靛紅、0.1121g1,3-環(huán)己二酮、0.1621g4-羥基香豆素和0.0254gi2溶解于4mlclch2ch2cl中,在60℃下磁力攪拌24h后,tlc檢測,確定反應(yīng)已結(jié)束,旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)除去溶劑,利用柱層析得到淺黃色固體ⅰf,收率64%,m.p.251.8~252.1℃;1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ:7.88(d,j=7.7hz,1h),7.59(t,j=7.8hz,1h),7.36(t,j=7.5hz,1h),7.29(d,j=8.3hz,1h),6.79(s,2h),6.56(s,1h),3.70(s,3h),3.35(s,3h),2.86~2.83(m,2h).2.46~2.32(m,2h),2.18~2.04(m,2h);13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ:195.1,176.6,164.9,158.4,155.7,154.8,152.6,139.4,133.4,132.9,124.4,122.7,116.8,114.5,113.0,112.3,111.3,108.0,104.4,55.7,46.3,37.1,27.6,27.0,20.0.anal.calcdforc25h19no6:c69.92,h4.46,n3.26;found:c69.71,h4.73,n3.52.
實施例7:
準(zhǔn)確稱取0.1752gn-甲基-5-甲基靛紅、0.1121g1,3-環(huán)己二酮、0.1621g4-羥基香豆素和0.0254gi2溶解于4mlchcl3中,在60℃下磁力攪拌36h后,tlc檢測,確定反應(yīng)已結(jié)束,旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)除去溶劑,利用柱層析得到淺黃色固體ⅰg,收率61%,m.p.337.5~338.1℃;1hnmr(400mhz,dmso-d6)δ;8.06(dd,j=7.9,1.3hz,1h),7.81~7.76(m,1h),7.56~7.50(m,2h),7.09(d,j=7.9hz,1h),6.99(s,1h),6.93(d,j=7.9hz,1h),3.19(s,3h),3.03~3.01(m,2h),2.48~2.45(m,2h).2.18(s,3h);13cnmr(100mhz,dmso-d6)δ:200.4,177.2,174.9,159.0,157.1,152.4,142.8,134.2,131.7,131.5,129.6,125.6,124.8,123.5,117.2,117.1,113.2,108.2,104.0,46.1,33.9,27.0,25.4,21.0.anal.calcdforc24h17no5:c72.17,h4.29,n3.51;found:c72.29,h4.07,n3.64.
實施例8:
準(zhǔn)確稱取0.2062gn-甲基-5-硝基靛紅、0.1121g1,3-環(huán)己二酮、0.1621g4-羥基香豆素和0.0254gi2溶解于4mlch2cl2中,在60℃下磁力攪拌36h后,tlc檢測,確定反應(yīng)已結(jié)束,旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)除去溶劑,利用柱層析得到淺黃色固體ⅰh,收率72%,m.p.280.9~281.1℃;1hnmr(400mhz,dmso-d6)δ:8.31~8.27(m,2h),8.10(d,j=8.1hz,1h),7.81(t,j=7.7hz,1h),7.58~7.52(m,2h),7.34(d,j=8.6hz,1h),3.32(s,3h),3.07~3.04(m,2h),2.51~2.49(m,2h);13cnmr(100mhz,dmso-d6)δ:200.7,178.1,175.8,159.5,158.0,152.5,151.0,143.3,134.4,132.1,126.8,125.7,123.7,120.4,117.2,116.0,113.4,108.7,102.8,45.9,33.9,27.5,25.6.anal.calcdforc23h14n2o7:c64.19,h3.28,n6.51.found:c64.03,h3.07,n6.62。