“鱷魚皮狀”熒光納米纖維對苦味酸的檢測方法
【技術領域】
[0001]本發(fā)明涉及到爆炸物的檢測技術與靜電紡絲技術領域，尤其涉及到“鱷魚皮狀”熒光納米纖維對苦味酸的檢測方法。
【背景技術】
[0002]2，4，6-三硝基苯酸(俗稱苦味酸，picric acid，PA)是一種重要的有機化工原料，被廣泛用于皮革、制藥、黃色染料和防腐劑生產(chǎn)等(Niu Q, Gao K1Lin Z, etal.Amine-capped carbon dots as a nanosensor for sensitive and selectivedetect1n of picric acid in aqueous solut1n via electrostatic interact1n[J].Analytical Methods，2013，5 (21): 6228-6233.)。但與此同時，苦味酸也是一種常見的爆炸物和典型的污染物，具有突出的公共安全威脅性和生態(tài)破壞性，也是潛在的致癌物質(Kumar S，Venkatramaiah N，Patil S.Fluoranthene Based Derivatives forDetect1n of Trace Explosive Nitroaromatics[J].Journal of Physical ChemistryC，2013，117(14):7236-7245.) 0因此，研究痕量苦味酸的檢測方法，對預防恐怖犯罪和環(huán)境污染監(jiān)測等至關重要。
[0003]在目前的爆炸物檢測方法中，熒光化學傳感器因其具有較高的靈敏度和檢測的簡便性得到廣泛關注。然而，研制一種高效的熒光化學傳感器用于如PA、2，4-二硝基甲苯(DNT)和2，4，6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)等爆炸物的檢測仍然是一個挑戰(zhàn)。近年來，將一維納米纖維作為傳感器用于爆炸物的檢測報道相對較少。因此，利用纖維的獨特性質研發(fā)新穎材料在科學界和工業(yè)界意義重大D (Sun X，Liu Y，Shaw Gj et al.Fundamental Studyof Electrospun Pyrene-Polyethersulfone Nanofibers Using Mixed Solvents forSensitive and Selective Explosives Detect1n in Aqueous Solut1n[J].ACS AppliedMaterials&Interfaces, 2015，7(24):13189-13197.)
[0004]采用靜電紡絲制備直徑為幾十納米到微米量級的納米纖維材料，是一種非常簡便而有效的方法(Xing C，Guan Jj Li Y，et al.Effect of aRoom-Temperature 1nic Liquid on the Structure and Properties of ElectrospunPoly (vinylidene fluoride)Nanofibers[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces, 2014,6(6):4447-4457.h靜電紡絲通過對黏性溶液施加高電壓，從而連續(xù)產(chǎn)生大量的納米纖維(Park S Mj Kim D S.Electrolyte-Assisted Electrospinning for aSelf-Assembled, Free-Standing Nanofiber Membrane on a Curved Surface[J].Advanced Materials, 2015，27 (10): 1682-+) o所得到的納米纖維因具有可控形貌，比表面積大(約I至10m2.g x)以及多孔結構等眾多優(yōu)點，而被廣泛應用于組織工程(Trinca RB，Abraham G A, Felisberti M 1.Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds of segmentedpolyurethanes based on PEG, PLLA and PTMC blocks:Physico-chemical propertiesand morphology[J].Materials science&engineering.C，Materials for b1logicalapplicat1ns，2015，56:511-7.)，過濾(Liu B，Zhang S，Wang X，et al.Efficient andreusable polyamide-56 nanofiber/nets membrane with bimodal structures for airfiltrat1n [J].Journal of colloid and interface science，2015，457:203-11)，電子器件(Zhu H，Du Mj Zhang M，et al.The design and construct1n of 3D rose-petal-shapedMoS2 hierarchical nanostructures with structure-sensitive properties [J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A，2014，2 (21): 7680-7685.)，催化劑載體(Ghouri ZKj Barakat N A M，Obaid M，et al.Co/Ce02_decorated carbon nanofibers as effectivenon-prec1us electro-catalyst for fuel cells applicat1n in alkaline medium[J].Ceramics Internat1nal，2015，41 (2): 2271-2278.)，增強復合材料(Tian M，Wang YN，Wang R.Synthesis and characterizat1n of novel high-performance thin filmnanocomposite (TFN)FO membranes with nanof ibrous substrate reinforced byfunct1nalized carbon nanotubes [J].Desalinat1n, 2015，370:79-86.)和傳感器件(Wang L，Deng J，Lou Zj et al.Cross-linked p-type Co304 octahedral nanoparticlesin ID n-type Ti02 nanofibers for high-performance sensing devices [J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A，2014，2 (26): 10022-10028.)等方面。由于焚光傳感器的高靈敏度和快速響應，電紡納米纖維材料在熒光傳感方面已發(fā)展為具有良好前景的納米材料。目前，已報道了幾種電紡纖維膜的化學傳感器用于在水相中一些分析物的檢測，主要包括金屬離子(Min Mj Wang X，Chen Y，et al.Highly sensitive andselective Cu2+sensor based on electrospun rhodamine dye doped poly (ethersulfones)nanofibers[J].Sensors and Actuators B-Chemicalj 2013,188:365-371.)，亞硝酉愛鹽(Ding Y，Wang Y，Li B，et al.Electrospun hemoglobin microbelts basedb1sensor for sensitive detect1n of hydrogen peroxide and nitrite [J].Biosensors&B1electronics，2010，25 (9):2009-2015.)，揮發(fā)性氣體(Liang X，Kim TH，Yoon J Wj et al.Ultrasensitive and ultraselective detect1n of H2S usingelectrospun CuO-1oaded In203 nanofiber sensors assisted by pulse heating[J].Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical，2015，209:934-942.)等。然而，這些薄膜一般是通過覆蓋，染料摻雜，或通過其它物理方法進行制備，而這些制備法都存在的各種問題，如熒光團的聚集而導致熒光猝滅，熒光泄漏，以及內層分析物擴散等(Long Y, ChenH，Yang Y，et al.Electrospun nanofibrous film doped with a conjugated polymerfor DNT fluorescence sensor[J].Macromolecules, 2009，42(17):6501-6509.)。 一種更為直接、簡單的方法是對聚合物納米纖維的表面進行修飾，這種處理法不會影響納米纖維的整體性質。表面修飾的方法在很大程度上取決于形成纖維聚合物的性質，到目前為止，表面修飾法主要有等離子體處理法(Padil V T, Nguyen N HA,Rozek Zj et al.Synthesis,fabricat1n and antibacterial properties of aplasma modified electrospun membrane consisting of gum Kondagogujdodecenylsuccinic anhydride and poly (vinyl alcohol) [J].Surface&CoatingsTechnology，2015，271:32-38.)，物理吸附法(Polini A, Pagliara S，Stabile R，etal.Collagen-funct1nalised electrospun polymer fibers for b1engineeringapplicat1ns[J].Soft Matter，2010，6 (8):1668-1674.)，自組裝法(Duan G，JiangSj Jerome V，et al.Ultralight,Soft Polymer Sponges by Self-Assembly of ShortElectrospun Fibers in Colloidal Dispers1ns[J].Advanced Funct1nal MateriaIs, 2015, 25 (19): 2850-2856.)以及共價嫁接法(Mangeon C, Mahouche-Chergui S, VersaceD L, et al.Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) -grafted carbon nanotube nanofillers asreinforcing agent for PHAs-based electrospun mats[J].Reactive&Funct1nalPolymers, 2015, 89:18-23.)等。
[0005]本發(fā)明通過充分利用靜電紡絲技術的簡便性和具有聚集誘導發(fā)光效應(aggregat1n-1nduced emiss1n, AIE)小分子焚光探針(TPE_2pTPA，結構如圖1 所示)的簡單摻雜，研制一種便攜式“鱷魚皮狀”的納米纖